Columns
THE EXECUTION OF THE 1976 COUP PLOTTERS IN NIGERIA
On Friday, February 13, 1976, Nigeria was shaken by a tragic and violent coup d’état led by Lieutenant Colonel Bukar Suka Dimka. The most devastating outcome of this failed coup was the assassination of the nation’s then Head of State, General Murtala Ramat Muhammed. He was gunned down in Ikoyi, Lagos, as he traveled unescorted to his office at the Dodan Barracks. His death sent shockwaves across the country and marked a dark chapter in Nigeria’s post-independence political history.
General Murtala Muhammed had only been in office for approximately 200 days, yet he was deeply admired for his bold reforms, anti-corruption stance, and efforts to return Nigeria to civilian rule. His untimely death sparked outrage, mourning, and swift retribution by the military establishment.
The coup, though partially successful in its initial hours, quickly collapsed. Loyalist forces, particularly those under the command of then Chief of Staff, Supreme Headquarters, Lieutenant General Olusegun Obasanjo, and General Theophilus Danjuma, regained control of strategic institutions. Dimka had temporarily seized the state radio to broadcast his justification for the coup, accusing the Muhammed regime of corruption and maladministration. However, his broadcast was cut short, and he fled Lagos.
Olusegun Obasanjo, after initial hesitation, accepted the call to leadership and succeeded Muhammed as Head of State. His new regime was determined to punish the conspirators severely and deter future insurrections. What followed was one of the most publicized military trials and mass executions in Nigerian history.
The Court-Martial and Executions
Over 100 military personnel and civilians were arrested in connection to the failed coup. Following military investigations and tribunals, dozens were convicted of plotting, aiding, or executing the coup attempt. The convicted officers were sentenced to death by firing squad, and the executions were carried out in two major rounds.
The first set of executions took place on March 11, 1976, at Bar Beach, Lagos, a location known at the time for public executions. Under the supervision of General Obasanjo’s military government, 31 individuals were executed, including senior officers, junior ranks, and one civilian. These included:
1. Major General I. D. Bisalla (former Commissioner for Defence)
2. Warrant Officer II Monday Monchon
3. Staff Sergeant Richard Dungdang
4. Sergeant Sale Pankshin
5. Lieutenant Colonel A. R. Aliyu
6. Captain M. Parvwong
7. Captain J. F. Idi
8. Captain S. Wakins
9. Lieutenant Mohammed
10. Lieutenant E. L. K. Shelleng
11. Lieutenant Colonel Ayuba Tense
12. Colonel A. D. S. Way
13. Lieutenant Colonel T. K. Adamu
14. Lieutenant Colonel A. B. Umaru
15. Captain A. A. Aliyu
16. Captain Augustine Dawurang
17. Major M. M. Mshelia
18. Lieutenant William Seri
19. Major I. B. Ribo
20. Major K. K. Gagra
21. Captain M. R. Gelip
22. Mr. Abdulkarim Zakari (a civilian who assisted in the radio broadcast)
23. Lieutenant Peter Ggani
24. Major Ola Ogunmekan
25. Lieutenant O. Zagmi
26. Lieutenant S. Wayah
27. Sergeant Ahmadu Rege
28. Sergeant Bala Javan
29. Warrant Officer II Sambo Dankshin
30. Warrant Officer II Emmanuel Dakup Seri
31. Major J. W. Kasai
A second round of executions took place between May 15 and 17, 1976, following the capture and trial of the coup leader and his key accomplices. This final round included:
32. Lieutenant Colonel Bukar Suka Dimka (leader of the coup)
33. Joseph D. Gomwalk (former Military Governor of Benue-Plateau State)
34. Lieutenant S. Kwale
35. Warrant Officer H. E. Bawa
36. Colonel I. Buka
37. Major J. K. Afolabi
38. H. Shaiyen
Dimka was captured after a nationwide manhunt and interrogation. During his trial, he remained defiant and refused to express remorse. His execution, along with the others, was carried out in secrecy, though public knowledge of it spread quickly.
These executions were meant to send a clear signal that treason and political instability would not be tolerated. While controversial, especially due to the scale and speed of the trials, the actions taken by the Obasanjo-led government reinforced military discipline and temporarily stabilized Nigeria’s political environment.
General Olusegun Obasanjo would go on to continue the reform agenda of the late Murtala Muhammed and, in 1979, became the first military leader in Nigeria to voluntarily hand over power to a democratically elected civilian government. This marked the beginning of Nigeria’s Second Republic.
The 1976 coup attempt remains one of Nigeria’s most defining political crises, remembered not only for the tragic loss of a visionary leader but also for the massive response it provoked from the military and the Nigerian public.
Columns
How Yakubu Gowon found himself in the Army
How Yakubu Gowon decided to enter the Army is quite interesting. Encouraged by his British Principal and Vice-Principal to go military, he was nevertheless torn between a career in the Army and competing options as a teacher, engineer, or physician. So he wrote out the options on little pieces of paper placed them inside a Bible and prayed. Then, with his eyes closed, he opened the Bible and picked one at random. It was the Army.
Throughout his military career he would repeatedly approach issues with a r!fle in one hand and a Bible in the other. Years later he would come to be regarded by most as a model of a “kinder, gentler” soldier. Some have nicknamed him “The Preacher”.
In 1954, after passing an entrance examination, he attended several interviews before being sent to the Regular Officers Cadet School at Teshie in Ghana – along with Patrick Anwuna, Alexander Madiebo, Michael Okwechime and Arthur Unegbe. This was followed by a course at Eton Hall in Chester, UK, followed by formal cadet training at the Royal Military Academy, Sandhurst (RMAS). He was a Cadet Sergeant at the RMAS and was commissioned 2/Lt in December 1956. It was at the RMAS that he acquired the nickname “Jack,” the closest sound to “Yakubu” his British instructors could think of.
The above is part of a piece put lol together by Nowa Omoigui, Nigerian military historian and cardiologist.
Gowon later became Head of State and had one of the most troubling dispensation in the history of Nigeria. He was removed from office in 1975 by Murtala Muhammed.
On how he survived immediately after his removal from office, he said in an interview:
“I can say with absolute authority that I may not have anything today, but honestly, at least I have a clear conscience. I thank Idi Amin and (Gnassingbé) Eyadema for the help they gave me to have money to start off with.”
Ethnic African Stories
Columns
FLORA NWAPA
The Imo State born writer and teacher who is largely referred to as the “mother of African Literature”, was the first African woman to publish a novel in English.
Flora belived that African women were unjustly portrayed (in the books of her male counterparts) as people who were doubly malleable, as people who didn’t have even a vestige voice of their own: people who must, for instance, eat fufu not exactly because they wanted to eat fufu but because men insisted that they eat fufu, people who must live in the shadows of men… So she basically did the opposite of this in her books where she gave women prime places, using her pen to unfold to the whole world, in concrete clarity, what she believed ought to be the generally accepted societal ethos.
She celebrated the strength, tenacity and courage of African women, told their success stories in glittering terms, and sang their praises to the stratosphere.
She was born January 13, 92 years ago in Oguta – Imo State, and passed away on October 13, 1993, after enduring a server bout of pneumonia.
Columns
Olorogun Michael Ibru (1930–2016): The Visionary Behind a West African Business Empire
Michael Ibru was a pioneering Nigerian entrepreneur, philanthropist, and founder of the Ibru Organisation, one of the most influential business groups in West Africa. His life reflects ambition, discipline, and the transformation of opportunity into a diversified empire.
Early Life and Background
Born in 1930, Michael Ibru hailed from Agbarha-Otor, near Ughelli.
He was the eldest of seven children in a prominent family. His mother was the daughter of the wealthy Ovedje Osadjere of Olomu, which placed him within a lineage of both traditional influence and commercial awareness.
Growing up in the Niger Delta region, young Ibru was exposed early to trade, mobility, and the importance of enterprise in coastal and riverine communities.
Education and Formative Years
A defining stage of his early life was his education at Igbobi College Yaba, one of Nigeria’s most prestigious secondary schools at the time.
At Igbobi College, Michael Ibru distinguished himself not only academically but also in leadership, eventually serving as Senior Prefect. This position reflected his discipline, influence, and ability to lead peers—qualities that later shaped his business career.
His time at the institution helped refine his worldview and exposed him to structured education during a period when Nigeria was still under colonial administration.
Early Career and Exposure to Business
After completing his studies, he briefly worked with the United Africa Company (UAC), one of the most powerful trading firms operating in West Africa at the time.
This experience exposed him to:
Large-scale import and export systems
Corporate structure and logistics
Commercial distribution networks
However, rather than remain in salaried employment, he chose the path of entrepreneurship—a decision that would redefine his life and legacy.
The Birth of a Business Empire
In 1956, Michael Ibru founded a frozen fish business.
At the time, frozen food distribution was still relatively new in Nigeria, and Ibru identified a gap in the market: the need for affordable, preserved protein sources in urban centres.
His venture quickly expanded due to:
Strong demand for fish in growing cities
Efficient supply chain management
Strategic importation and distribution systems
This modest beginning became the foundation of what would evolve into the Ibru Organisation.
Expansion into a Conglomerate
Over time, the Ibru Organisation grew into a diversified business empire spanning multiple sectors, including:
Food and seafood processing
Aviation and logistics
Hospitality and real estate
Finance and banking
Oil and marine services
Media and publishing
Agriculture and industrial production
The group became one of the largest family-owned conglomerates in West Africa, with numerous subsidiaries operating across Nigeria and beyond.
Rather than relying on a single industry, Michael Ibru built a multi-sectoral business model, which helped the organisation withstand economic fluctuations and remain competitive for decades.
Leadership Style and Business Philosophy
Michael Ibru was widely regarded as a strategic thinker who believed in:
Identifying unmet market needs
Investing in scalable industries
Building long-term institutional structures
Empowering family-led continuity in business
His leadership approach combined traditional values with modern corporate thinking, allowing the Ibru Organisation to grow into a structured enterprise rather than a short-term venture.
Philanthropy and Social Impact
Beyond commerce, Michael Ibru was deeply committed to philanthropy.
His contributions included:
Support for education and scholarships
Community development initiatives
Investment in youth empowerment
Assistance to local infrastructure and social welfare projects
He believed that business success should translate into societal progress, particularly in education and opportunity creation.
Legacy of the Ibru Organisation
The Ibru Organisation remains one of Nigeria’s most recognised business groups, continuing to operate through various subsidiaries across sectors.
Its legacy is defined by:
Industrial diversification
Private sector growth in post-independence Nigeria
Family-led business continuity
Contribution to West Africa’s economic development
From a young student at Igbobi College Yaba to the founder of a continental business empire, Michael Ibru represents the story of vision, risk-taking, and entrepreneurial excellence.
His journey shows how observation, opportunity, and courage can transform a simple idea—like frozen fish distribution—into a legacy that shaped industries across Africa.
Source
Biographical and historical records on Michael Ibru
Public information on the development of the Ibru Organisation
Educational history of Igbobi College Yaba
Historical context of Nigerian post-colonial entrepreneurship and trade development
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